A randomized trial comparing TVT with TVT-O: 12-month results

The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to compare the cure rate and the rate of complications of the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) with those of the tension free vaginal tape obturator (TVT-O) procedure after one year of follow-up. The study was powered to show a ten per cent difference in cure rate and/or rate of complications. Of the initially treated 267 women 134 in the TVT group and 131 in the TVT-O group were evaluated. A cough stress test and a 24 h pad test were used as objective outcome measures. Subjective outcome was assessed by different condition-specific quality of life questionnaires and general health by the EQ-5D questionnaire. Objective cure rate was 95.5% in the TVT patients and 93.1% in TVT-O patients. Subjective cure rates showed significant improvement at one the year follow up in both groups. No significant differences in cure rates between groups were seen. The complication rate was equal in both groups.     

阴道彩超引导下输卵管通液术在不孕症中的应用

目的 探讨阴式彩超监视下输卵管通液术对输卵管通畅与否的诊断价值.方法 应用彩色二维声像图观察61例继发性不孕症患者注入药液时,宫腔充盈大小、形态、宫腔液体流动的方向,双侧输卵管距伞端情况及盆腔液体弥散的变化,并对注入药液时阻力大小的频谱波形及液体流动时频谱的连续性来分析输卵管的变化.结果 61例不孕症患者中,输卵管不通者8例,通而不畅者32例分别占13.1%与52.5%,术后无1例感染.结论 阴式彩超下输卵管通液术不仅仅是一种诊断技术,还是一种消炎疏通的治疗手段,安全可靠.     

腹腔镜小儿阑尾切除术联合鞘状突未闭高位结扎术

目的总结腹腔镜小儿阑尾切除术联合鞘状突未闭高位结扎术的临床经验。方法三孔法腹腔镜阑尾切除术中常规探查双侧腹股沟区,对鞘状突未闭（单侧69例,双侧17例）同时行鞘状突未闭高位结扎术。结果83例行腹腔镜阑尾切除术联合鞘状突末闭高位结扎术,无术后并发症。83例随访6～12个月,平均10个月,仅1例腹股沟斜疝复发。3例隐性疝未处理（1例因开展腹腔镜初期缝合技术不成熟,2例因阑尾穿孔盆腔脓性液较多）。结论腹腔镜小儿阑尾切除术联合鞘状突未闭高位结扎术在一次麻醉下完成2种或多种病变的处理,避免多次手术的打击,降低手术成本,具有创伤小、痛苦轻、恢复快、美观的优点。     

Role of vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide in the vaginal wall of women with stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse

Pelvic floor connective tissue degeneration is closely associated with retrogradation of its dominating nerve fibers. We hypothesized that some neuropeptides from pelvic floor tissue might be involved in the pathological progress of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in women. Thirty premenopausal and 31 postmenopausal patients participated in the study. The morphological appearance in the vaginal tissue was examined. The vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide-38 (PACAP) immunoreactivities (ir-VIP, ir-PACAP) were tested by immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay. We found that the VIP and PACAP immunostainings were weaker and sparser, and ir-VIP and ir-PACAP levels were significantly decreased in the anterior vaginal wall in the premenopausal and postmenopausal SUI or POP patients. Ir-VIP and ir-PACAP levels were reversely correlated with the age and menopausal status in the SUI or POP patients. Our data suggest that VIP and PACAP may participate in the pathophysiological process of SUI and POP.     

Vaginal vault suspension and enterocele repair by Richardson-Saye laparoscopic technique: description of training technique and results.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the Richardson-Saye technique for laparoscopic vaginal vault suspension and enterocele repair (vaginal apex reconstruction) and the appropriate training needed for performance of this technique. METHODS: Before using this technique, Drs Carter, Winter, and Mendelsohn first received training by observation of skilled surgeons performing the procedure, attending courses, and finally being tutored and proctored by Dr Saye on the appropriate performance of the technique. They then used this technique to surgically treat eight patients, 42 to 85 years of age, mean age 62 years, between March and September of 1999. RESULTS: We included eight patients in this study who underwent the Saye-Richardson vaginal vault suspension and enterocele repair (apical vaginal vault reconstruction) by the suture technique. In all patients at six-month follow-up, the vaginal apex remains intact and well supported. We describe here the entire vaginal vault suspension and enterocele repair procedure with all its relevant details. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic reconstruction of the disrupted vaginal apex followed by reattachment to the previously broken uterosacral ligament with the use of permanent suture provides a secure and anatomically correct vault suspension. Before performing this technique, physicians should undergo proper training, including observation, courses, tutoring, and proctorship by a surgeon experienced in performing this technique.     

新生儿出生方式对脐带血TSH的影响分析

目的　为进一步认识新生儿出生方式是脐带血 Ｔ Ｓ Ｈ 向高值偏移的重要影响因素。方法　调查沿海城市出生的新生儿 １ ０１４ 例，其中阴道产 ７６３ 例，剖宫产 ２５１ 例，采脐带血，使用免放分析（ Ｉ Ｒ Ｍ Ａ）检测 Ｔ Ｓ Ｈ。同期检测孕妇尿碘。结果　在孕妇尿碘中位数 ２１６．６４μｇ／ Ｌ 状况下，脐带血 Ｔ Ｓ Ｈ＞ ５ｍ Ｕ／ Ｌ 的频率，阴道产与剖宫产组分别为 ５６７％ 与 ２０３％ ，差异非常显著（χ２＝ １００．３８）。结论　首次揭示在孕妇碘营养明显改善后，新生儿在娩出过程中 Ｔ Ｓ Ｈ 的升高是一种普遍现象，以阴道娩出者最明显，是导致脐带血 Ｔ Ｓ Ｈ 向高值偏移的重要因素之一，并建议用剖宫产脐带血 Ｔ Ｓ Ｈ 值或足跟血 Ｔ Ｓ Ｈ 值校正阴道产脐带血 Ｔ Ｓ Ｈ 值。     

The effect of vaginal and cesarean delivery on lower urinary tract symptoms: what makes the difference?

A prospective cohort study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of pregnancy and childbirth in nulliparous pregnant women. The focus of this paper is on the difference in the prevalences and risk factors for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) between woman who delivered vaginally or by cesarean and secondly the effect of LUTS on the quality of life between these two groups was analyzed. Included were 344 nulliparous pregnant women who completed four questionnaires with the Urogenital Distress Inventory and the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ). Two groups were formed: vaginal delivery group (VD), which included spontaneous vaginal delivery and an instrumental vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery group (CD). No statistical significant differences were found in the prevalences of LUTS during pregnancy between the two groups. Three months after childbirth, urgency and urge urinary incontinence (UUI) are less prevalent in the CD group, but no statistical difference was found 1 year postpartum. Stress incontinence was significantly more prevalent in the VD group at 3 and 12 months postpartum. The presence of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in early pregnancy is predictive for SUI both in the VD as in CD group. A woman who underwent a CD and had SUI in early pregnancy had an 18 times higher risk of having SUI in year postpartum. Women were more embarrassed by urinary frequency after a VD. After a CD, 9% experienced urge urinary incontinence. Urge incontinence affected the emotional functioning more after a cesarean, but the domain scores on the IIQ were low, indicating a minor restriction in lifestyle. In conclusion, after childbirth, SUI was significantly more prevalent in the group who delivered vaginally. Besides a vaginal delivery, we found both in the VD and in the CD group that the presence of SUI in early pregnancy increased the risk for SUI 1 year after childbirth. Further research is necessary to evaluate the effect of SUI in early pregnancy on SUI later in life. Women were more embarrassed by urinary frequency after a vaginal delivery. UUI after a CD compared to a vaginal birth limited the women more emotionally; no difference was found for the effect of SUI on the quality of life between the two groups.     

Do overactive bladder symptoms improve after repair of anterior vaginal wall prolapse?

This study aims to evaluate the changes of overactive bladder symptoms to anterior vaginal wall prolapse repair. Ninety-three consecutive women with symptomatic anterior vaginal wall prolapse ≥ stage II and coexistent overactive bladder symptoms were prospectively studied using a urinalysis, urodynamics, King’s Health Questionnaire (KHQ), Prolapse Quality of Life (P-QOL) questionnaire and pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q) system before and 1 year after surgery. All women underwent a standard fascial anterior repair. Postoperatively, urinary frequency, urgency and urge incontinence disappeared in 60, 70 and 82% of women respectively (p value < 0.001). The vaginal examination findings as well as the quality of life of the women assessed using KHQ and P-QOL significantly improved after surgery (p value < 0.001). This study has demonstrated that anterior vaginal repair does produce significant improvement in overactive bladder symptoms. A larger longer-term study is required to assess if these changes persist over time.     

Spontaneous delivery following tension-free vaginal tape procedure

There has been no report in the international literature concerning vaginal delivery following tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure. Most gynecologists recommend cesarean section after TVT procedure. We present the case of a 37-year-old (gravida 2, para 2) woman who had spontaneous delivery at 40 weeks’ gestation after TVT procedure performed 10 months prior because of stress urinary incontinence. Five months after spontaneous delivery, the patient was shown to be continent, with no urinary leakage occurring following stress maneuver. Urodynamic evaluation showed normal urethral pressure profile and sufficient maximum urethral closure pressure. Introital ultrasound demonstrated the correct position of the Prolene tape. In cases of pregnancy following TVT procedure, a general recommendation of delivery by cesarean section may be questioned, since the function and correct suburethral position of the Prolene tape can also remain intact following vaginal delivery.